Recurrent pregnancy loss is usually defined as two or more miscarriages. While a single early miscarriage is common and most often due to a chance chromosomal error in that embryo, repeated losses warrant a structured evaluation — because in many couples an identifiable and treatable cause exists.
What evaluation looks for
Testing typically covers chromosomal factors in both partners, the shape of the uterine cavity (fibroids, polyps, or a septum), hormonal and metabolic factors (thyroid, diabetes, prolactin), clotting and immune conditions such as antiphospholipid syndrome, and infection. Both partners are evaluated — this is never a one-person diagnosis.
The outlook
Even when no cause is found (which happens in a substantial share of couples), the chance of a successful next pregnancy remains good with supportive care and close early-pregnancy monitoring. The right response to repeated loss is a plan, not just hope.